A polarized capacitor is destroyed from negative voltage because it has a built in diode that can flow current with negative voltage and when that happen it heats up and eventually explodes. This arrangement of two polarized capacitors takes advantage of the built in diode to create a bipolar capacitor.
Please note that the diodes here are part of the capacitors and need not be included in real life. I am only including them because EC doesn’t simulate them as part of the polarized capacitor.
